SpringCloud微服务框架Hystrix服务熔断

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· 2021-04-07

Springcloud框架的Hystrix负载均衡

Hystrix 解决了什么问题

服务降级,服务熔断,服务限流,接近实时的监控

服务熔断

概念

服务熔断熔断机制是应对雪崩效应的一种微服务链路保护机制。当扇出链路的某个微服务不可用或者响应时间太长时，会进行服务的降级，进而熔断该节点微服务的调用，快速返回"错误"的响应信息。当检测到该节点微服务调用响应正常后恢复调用链路。在SpringCloud框架里熔断机制通过Hystrix实现。Hystrix会监控微服务间调用的状况，当失败的调用到一定阈值，缺省是5秒内20次调用失败就会启动熔断机制。熔断机制的注解是@HystrixCommand。

新建microservicecloud-provider-dept-hystrix-8001

添加相关的pom依赖

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.yang</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--  hystrix -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 将微服务provider侧注册进eureka -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- actuator监控信息完善 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 修改后立即生效，热部署 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

创建application.yml

server:
  port: 8001
  
mybatis:
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml        # mybatis配置文件所在路径
  type-aliases-package: com.yang.entity    # 所有Entity别名类所在包
  mapper-locations:
  - classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml                       # mapper映射文件
    
spring:
   application:
    name: microservicecloud-dept 
   datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource            # 当前数据源操作类型
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver              # mysql驱动包
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB01              # 数据库名称
    username: root
    password: root
    dbcp2:
      min-idle: 5                                           # 数据库连接池的最小维持连接数
      initial-size: 5                                       # 初始化连接数
      max-total: 5                                          # 最大连接数
      max-wait-millis: 200                                  # 等待连接获取的最大超时时间

eureka:
  client: #客户端注册进eureka服务列表内
    service-url: 
#      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
       defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
  instance:
    instance-id: microservicecloud-dept8001-hystrix   #自定义服务名称信息
    prefer-ip-address: true     #访问路径可以显示IP地址     
 
info: 
  app.name: atguigu-microservicecloud
  company.name: www.atguigu.com
  build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$
  build.version: $project.version$

创建mybatis.cfg.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">

<configuration>
<settings>
  <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true" /><!-- 二级缓存开启 -->
 </settings>
</configuration>

创建mapper配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.yang.dao.DeptDao">

 <select id="findById" resultType="com.yang.entity.Dept" parameterType="Long">
  select deptno,dname,db_source from dept where deptno=#{deptno};
 </select>
 <select id="findAll" resultType="com.yang.entity.Dept">
  select deptno,dname,db_source from dept;
 </select>
 <insert id="addDept" parameterType="com.yang.entity.Dept">
  INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES(#{dname},DATABASE());
 </insert>
</mapper>

创建控制类controlelr

package com.yang.controler;



import com.yang.entity.Dept;
import com.yang.service.DeptService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;


import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;

@RestController
public class DeptController
{
    @Autowired
    private DeptService service = null;

    @RequestMapping(value="/dept/get/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "processHystrix_Get")
    public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
        Dept dept =  this.service.get(id);
        if(null == dept)
        {
            throw new RuntimeException("该ID："+id+"没有没有对应的信息");
        }
        return dept;
    }

    public Dept processHystrix_Get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
        return new Dept().setDeptno(id)
                .setDname("该ID："+id+"没有没有对应的信息,null--@HystrixCommand")
                .setDb_source("no this database in MySQL");
    }
}

创建dao层

package com.yang.dao;

import com.yang.entity.Dept;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;

import java.util.List;

@Mapper
public interface DeptDao {
    public boolean addDept(Dept dept);

    public Dept findById(Long id);

    public List<Dept> findAll();

}

创建service实现类

package com.yang.service.impl;


import com.yang.dao.DeptDao;
import com.yang.entity.Dept;
import com.yang.service.DeptService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService {
    @Autowired
    private DeptDao dao ;

    @Override
    public boolean add(Dept dept)
    {
        return dao.addDept(dept);
    }

    @Override
    public Dept get(Long id)
    {
        return dao.findById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Dept> list()
    {
        return dao.findAll();
    }

}

创建启动类

package com.yang;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient //本服务启动后会自动注册进eureka服务中
@EnableCircuitBreaker//对hystrixR熔断机制的支持
public class DeptProvider8001_Hystrix_App
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider8001_Hystrix_App.class, args);
    }
}